Compressor control for building ventilation and air conditioning
Variable speed control of a chiller allows you to provide constant pressure regulation while matching the capacity to the actual need based on measurements in the system. Speed control is beneficial when a compressor runs for long periods at partial load. Reduce operational costs by running applications at a lower speed which reduces energy consumption. And reduce installation costs by optimizing the system and the compressor itself.
Danfoss AC drives ensure fewer starts and stops which reduces mechanical wear. And dedicated features, such as the ‘skip resonance’ function, allow you to easily identify for the drive the frequencies to prevent noise and damage.
Products for compressors include soft starters, high-power drives, low harmonic drives, AHF harmonic filters. All drives are delivered with built-in cascade controller options, DC coils and PID controllers.
One of the largest cost factors in the cooling system lifecycle is energy. In many cooling and refrigeration applications, capacity exceeds heat load due to seasonal variations, product loading, occupancy variations, and electrical appliances that cause power loss. Modern, dedicated AC drives continually adjust the equipment capacity to the actual heat load and process needs. The benefits are significantly lower energy consumption and lower operation and maintenance costs.
Intelligent compressor and condenser/evaporator fan control are essential in any optimized cooling or refrigeration system. You can typically achieve 10–25% savings on energy consumption by applying Danfoss AC drives to optimize the capacity control of refrigeration compressors, condensers and evaporators. By creating stability while balancing the capacity to the actual load, the system-wide coefficient of performance (COP) improves providing significant energy savings.
Cascade control optimizes energy savings and reduces lifecycle costs
Cascade configuration produces the optimal interaction between an application and an AC drive under partial loading. The base load is handled by a single application, such as a compressor, controlled by a drive. When heat load rises, the drive starts up additional compressors one at a time. This ensures the applications work at their optimum efficiency point, and the drive maintains maximum energy efficiency throughout the system.
Well-planned cascade control also ensures minimal wear on the individual applications. By rotating mains-powered compressors, for example, maintenance managers can ensure each ends up with a similar number of operating hours and an equal wear level. This increases the lifetime of the applications and extends service intervals reducing lifecycle costs.
Danfoss Drives’ advanced Multi-zone pack controller ensures effective cascading and control of up to six compressor packs. This minimizes energy consumption, avoids too frequent staging and de-staging, stabilizes pressures and temperatures, and reduces compressor wear and tear. Similarly, the Pump Cascade Controller distributes running hours evenly across all pumps to keep wear and tear on individual pumps to a minimum.
Chillers
Variable speed control of a chiller allows you to provide optimum process temperature, while matching the capacity to the actual need based on measurements in the system. Speed control is beneficial when a compressor runs for long periods at partial load. Reduce operational costs by running applications at a lower speed which saves energy consumption. And reduce installation costs by optimizing the system and the compressor itself.
Danfoss AC drives ensure fewer starts and stops which reduces mechanical wear. And dedicated features such as oil return management, high pressure / low pressure safeties and skip resonance frequencies ensure safe operation of the chillers.
Products for compressors include soft starters, high-power drives, AHF harmonic filters with a built-in cascade controller option, DC coils and PID controllers.
Start-up and peak load strategies
Start-up is the critical phase of compressor operation. The VLT Refrigeration Drive minimizes the number of starts required by varying the compressor speed to tune capacity during operation. The maximum number of start/stop cycles in a given period is configurable using the control panel.
The VLT Refrigeration Drive delivers 135% of the rated starting torque for a short duration. During normal operation, 110% of the rated torque is available for 60 seconds.
To extend the drive lifetime, a pressure relief valve can be opened to allow the compressor to start up quickly with no load.
135% starting torque
The VLT Refrigeration Drive delivers 135% of the rated starting torque for a 30-second period. During normal operation, 110% of the rated torque is available for 60 seconds.
Unloaded start
Smaller compressors with the same peak load
Brief peak loads can be handled by configuring the system with a smaller compressor, which the drive runs at up to 90 Hz. In this way, a larger compressor just to cope with peak loads is not necessarily required.
Neutral zone
The VLT Refrigeration Drive continues to control fixed-speed compressors in situations where the variable-speed compressor fails. For a fail situation, the neutral zone is set by a special parameter "Fixed speed neutral zone", which enables fewer starts by expanding the neutral zone.
Optimization functionsP0 optimization
The VLT Refrigeration Drive supports connection of an ADAP-KOOL® LonWorks controller for P0 optimization.
Day and night control
Vary the compressor setpoint and evaporator fan speed schedules to match day and night loading, and avoid unnecessary energy consumption.
Condensation final temperature monitoring
By monitoring the floating head high pressure level control via temperature sensors, speed is reduced before the high pressure reaches a critical value.
Read more about AC drives in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning and Automotive and Transport/Drives for compressors
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